Metal-casting machine



April .3, 1928. 1,664,882

w. s. HADAWAY, JR

METAL CASTING MACHINE Original Filed Sept. 6, 1921 INVENTOR #472121 5 mag/ in ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 3, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM S. HADAWAY, JR, OF NEW ROCHELLE, NEW YORK.

METAL-CASTING MACHINE.

Original application filed September 6, 1921, Serial No. 498,820. Divided and thin application filed.

February 15, 1926.

This invention relates to heaters for metal molding machines, such as those used for casting type, and relates particularly to the generation, distribution and control of heat for linot-ype pots and the like.

Broadly stated, the object of this invention is to provide an improved system of heating for type casting machines by providing for its parts and members heating means most suitable therefor by means of which the metal is prepared for working, raised to a desired constant temperature and maintained at the desired temperature up to thepoint of discharge.

Another object of the invention is to reduce the operating costs of such machines by the use of a large proportion of low cost heat and controlling the temperature by a smaller proportion of relatively high cost heat.

Another object is to provide a. melting pot having an improved discharge throat through which the molten metal is delivered to a type. casting device, in which pot a major low cost actuating medium is employed for obtaining an approximation of a predetermined degree of heat and an addi tional easily controlled medium of higher cost is employed variably to obtain accurate temperature adjustment. Efiiciency of the apparatus is further increased by the use of heat exchangedevices.

These and other objects of the invention will appear from the following specification taken in connection with the drawings, which form a part of this applicatiomand in which Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a linotype pot and its associated parts which embody this invention;

Fig. 2 is an end view of the mouthpiece or discharge outlet of this pot;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a heat exchange member; and

Fig. 1 is a similar representation of a heater together with a diagram of its electrical connections.

Referring to Fig. 1, the pot comprises a body portion 10 with an outer shell 11 with insulation 12 between them. This body portion is constructed to form a cylindrical chamber 13 in which is' a reciprocatory piston 14 on an actuating rod 15. Supported in the insulation 12 near the walls of the body portion is a heater 16 which will be Serial No. 88,188.

described later. The body portion is constructed to form a well 17 and a curved. throat 18 through which the molten metal is e ected upon a downward movement of the piston 14. 19 is a cover which is also lined with insulating material. 20 is a. receptacle having an aperture 21 through its lower wall. This receptacle is supported by means of a flange 22 which rests upon the body portion 10 in such position that its aperture 21 is directly above the chamber 13. 23 is a removable lid over an o ning in the cover 19 immediately above t e receptacle 20. The form and capacity of the receptacle 20 may be varied considerably from the specific proportions illustrated, to meet the requirements of the Work. It may, if necessary, extend above the cover 19 in which case the lid 23 will be adapted to fit the top of the receptacle.

The receptacle 20 com rises two nesting cup-shaped shells secure together at their edges preferably by being welded. Around the sides and bottom thereof, and between said enclosing shells is a double pipe forming a heat exchan e member 30. This heat exchange member 18 shown diagrammatically in unbent form in Fig. 3 and comprises an inner pipe or vapor conductor 31 oined at its left hand end with a vapor heater through a pipe 32 controlled by a valve 33. This inner pipe is within an outer tube 34 of larger diameter and is co-extensive therewith and is held in spaced relation therewith by a porous mass 35 preferably of granular carborundum or the like. The interior of the1 pipe 31 may be filled with similar materia I The heat exchange member just described may be coiled around within the shells of the receptacle 20 in helical form and in gridlike formation within its bottom wall or it may be bent in U-shaped form around said receptacle or made in other suitable shapes so as to be in active relation with the contents of the receptacle.

- The left hand end of the tube 34. (Fig. 3) is provided with a plurality of vents, such as 36, open to the atmosphere and constructed to permit the escape of vapor while re- 105 taining the mass 35 in place.

The other end of the pipe 31 is connected by a pipe 37 with the heater 16.

This heater 16 is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 4 and preferably comprises a tubular carborundum or the like.

casing 41 connected at one end to the pipe 37. \Vithin this casing is a porous mass 42 similar to the mass 35. Supported in the mass '42 and electrically insulated thereby from the casing 41 are one or more conductors, such as 43, 44. Suitable insulating bushings (not shown) are provided in-the casing 41 for the entry of these conductors.

The-heater 16 is formed into any desired shape and supported in the insulation near,

the Walls of the body portion 10 of the pot or crucible. The end 45 of the tube 41 is connected to the throat 18 by means of a pipe 46. It is to be understood that the drawings show the heater 16 and the throat 18 somewhat enlarged in order to show more clearly these features of the invention.

The throat 18 extends from the'well 17 to the mouth piece 50 which will be described later and is slightly curved as shown in the drawings. Surrounding the throat is a heater passage 47 which may extend only above the main passageway cf the throat, or only below it, or on either or both sides of it, or which may surround it.

In the drawings this passageway is shown as a helical passage surrounding the throatfrom its base to its mouth and this is connected by a passage 48 to the end 37 of the tube 34. The passageway 47 shown may be formed at thev time the throat structure is cast by employing a core made of tubing filled with This carborundum core is positioned within the casting and in operation forms a passage for the conduction of vapors and gases which is substantially helical in form. Another obvious modification comprises a coil formed to enclose the throat structure by being wrapped around the outside of the throat.

The mouth piece 50 is positioned to deliver molten-metal through the cavity of a mold wheel (not shown) to type casting devices. Above the mouth piece 50 there is a tranverse enlargement 51 through an aperture of which extends a mercury bulb 52. By means of a tube 53 this bulb is operativcly connected to a regulator 54 which may be of the form shown in Patent No. 1,282,- 221 issued to me on October 22, 1918. This regulator comprises a casing 55 mounted in any desired manner in Which is supported a mechanism responsive to the expansion and contraction of the mercury in the bulb 52. The mechanism is constructed to open con- 'tacts 56 when the mercury expands a predetermined amount from a set standard and to close contacts 57 when a predetermined amount of contraction takes place. Adjustments are provided for varying the set standard.

As shown in the wiring diagram of Fig. 4, the contacts 56' are included in circuit with the conductor 43 while contacts 57 are in circuit with the conductor 44. A generator 58 energizes these circuits and a switch 59 cuts off the current when the device is shut down.

Molten metal may be put into the receptacle 20 either through the opening in the cover 19 or led into it from an exterior supply through a conduit 25. The manner in which it is discharged through the throat 18 and its mouth piece 50 is no part of this invention.

Heat is supplied in the form of hot vapor such as steam through the valve 33 and the inner pipe 31. This circulates around the receptacle 20 and is led therefrom through the passage 48 to the outer end of the spiral passageway 47 which surrounds the throat 18. Thence it is led through pipe 46 to the heater 16 from which it is led to the outer tube of the heat exchange member which surrounds the receptacle 20. From it the vapor escapes through the vents 36.

This vapor, which is a comparatively inexpensive form of heat, maintains the metal at approximately the desired temperature. Obviously the point at which a substantially exact and constant temperature is desired is at the discharge mouth 50. The contacts 56 are closed to energize the heater conductor 43 through the circuits shown, and this raises the temperature of the heater 16 and of the heat exchange member, of the receptacle. It is at that part of the apparatus that the mercury bulb 52 is located and if the temperature at that point is too low, the contacts 57 will be closed to energize the heater conductor 44. This, of course, will increase the temperature of the apparatus. If the heater conductor 43 makes the temperaturefcoo high, the contacts 56 will open. Thus the desired temperature is maintained automatically.

This apparatus was shown, described and claimed in a co-pendin application Serial N 0. 489,820 filed Septem er 6, 1921, on which Patent No. 1,589,466 was issued June 22, 1926, and this application is filed as a division thereof.

the throat and the pot, a heat exchange mem-- her for the receptacle connected with said Vapor passage, through which vapor is led into and out of the apparatus.

2. An apparatus comprising a metal heating pot, a receptacle for preparing metal for,

said pot, a throat for discharging metal from the pot, a vapor passage for heating the throat and the. pot, a heat exchange member for the receptacle connected with said vapor passage, through which vapor is led into and out of the apparatus, said heat exchange member comprising two concentric pipes in spaced relation and a porous mass within said pipes.

3. An apparatus comprising a metal heating pot, a receptacle for preparing metal for said pot, a throat for discharging metal from the pot, a. vapor passage for heating the throat and the pot, a heat exchange memher for the receptacle connected with said vapor passage, through which vapor is led into and out of the apparatus and an electric heater in said ra'por passage.

4. An apparatus comprising a metal heating pot, a vapor passage therefor, a double walled receptacle for preparing metal for said pot, a throat for discharging metal. from the pot, a vapor passage for said throat, a heat exchange member for the re-' ceptacle within the walls thereof, and means for passing vapor through the heat exchange member, through said vapor passages and out through the heat exchange member.

5. An apparatus comprising a metal heating pot, a vapor passage therefor, a double walled receptacle for preparing metal for said pot, a throat for discharging metal from the pot, a vapor passage for said throat, a heat exchange member for the receptacle within the walls thereof, means for passing vapor through the heat exchange member, through said vapor passages and out through the heat exchange member, and an electric heater in the vapor passage for the pot.

6. A type casting machine heater comprising means for conducting to said heater a heat transferring vgapor for raising the temperature to an approximation of a predetermined degree, and means for conducting to said heater an electric current for varying the degree of heat for obtaining substantially the desired temperature. 7. A type casting machine heater comprisheating medium of gaseous characteristic, means for conducting to said heater a heating medium of electric characteristic, 'and means for automatically varying said heating medium of electric characteristic.

8. A linotype pot for a type casting machine comprising an internal heater, means for supplying heat thereto from a plurality of carrying media of unlike characteristics.-

9. A heating system for type casting comprising a melting pot, means for supplying actuating media of unlike characteristics to said pot. and automatic means for varying the supply of one of said media.

10. A type casting machine heater comprising means for conducting to said heater a medium of one characteristic for raising the heat to an approximation of a predetermined temperature, and means for conducting to said heater a medium of unlike characteristic for varying the degree of heat for mg means for conducting to said heater a obtaining substantially the desiredtemperature.

11. In a type casting melting pot, a throat having a mouth piece for discharging molten metal, a vapor conducting passage adjacent the throat canal for heating said throat by hot vapor, said mouth piece having temperature responsive means positioned therein, a regulator and an electrical heater controlled by said means for superhcating the vapor.

12. A type casting machine melting pot having a throat with a vapor heatcrem bedded therein.

13. A melting pot for type casting machines comprising a throat having a vapor passage embedded therein.

14. A melting pot for type casting ma.- chines comprising a throat with a vapor passage embedded in at least one side of said throat.

15. A melting pot for type casting machines comprising a throat for discharging molten mital and having a vapor heater positioned above the passageway of said throat and embedded therein.

'16. A melting pot for type castingv machines comprising a throat for discharging molten metal and having a vapor heater positioned" below the passageway of said throat and embedded therein.

17. A melting pot for type casting machines comprising a throat for discharging molten metal and having a vapor heater positioned above and below the passageway of said throat and embedded therein.

18. In a type casting machine melting pot, a throat for discharging'molten metal, vapor means for heating said throat and electrical means for varying the temperature of the vapor.

19. In a linotype melting pot, a throat for discharging molten metal to the mold Wheel of the linotype machine, vapor means for heating said throat and electrical means for varying the temperature of the vapor.

20. A melting pot comprising a throat having a discharge outlet, a vapor passage for heating the throat, a heat responsive device near said discharge outlet and means controlled by said heat responsive device for varing the temperature of vapor in said passage.

21. A melting pot comprising a throat having a discharge outlet, a vapor passage. for heating the throat, electrical heating means associated with said passage for var ying the temperature of vapor in said passage, a'heat responsive device near said discharge outlet and means controlled by said heat responsive device for controlling said heating means.

22. A heating pot comprising a receptacle, a pot and a throat having a discharge outlet, vapor passages for heating the receptacle, the pot and the throat, electrical heating means associated with one of said passages, a heat responsive device near said discharge outlet. and means controlled by said heat responsive device for controlling said heating means.

23. A heating pot comprising a receptacle, a pot and a throat having a discharge outlet, a continuous vapor passage for heating .the receptacle. the pot and the throat, electrical heating means associated with a part of said passage, a heat. responsive.device near said discharge outlet, and means controlled by said heat responsive device for controlling said heating means.

24. A heating pot comprising a receptacle, a pot and a throat having a discharge outlet, a continuous vapor passage around the receptacle, the throat, the pot and again around the receptacle, electrical heating means in said passage intermediate the parts thereof which are around the receptacle, a heat responsive device near said discharge outlet, and means controlled by said heat responsive device for controlling said heat;- ing means.

25. An apparatus comprising a receptacle having a perforated bottom, a heated chamber positioned to receive molten metal from said receptacle, a vapor heater for heating said chamber, electrical means for actuating said heater, and an automatic regulator responsive to variations in the temperature of the metal for controlling said electrical means.

26. An apparatus comprising a receptacle having a. perforated bottom. a heated chamber positioned to receive molten metal from said receptacle, a throat through which the molten metal is discharged, an electeical vapor heater for heating said receptacle chamber and throat and an automatic regulator responsive to variations in the ten'iperature of the. metal in said throat for controlling said electrical vapor heater.

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 11th day of February, 1926.

WILLIAM s. HADAWAY, JR. 

